Joko Widodo the current government is trying to develop the potential in the maritime field, where the waters of Indonesia's vast and untapped, and certainly not all of them are still in need of businesses, especially in the field of fisheries. and District Panimbang Pandeglang Banten Province is one of the largest fishery producer in Banten both capture fisheries, aquaculture and fishery products other processed products (info: azisazhari1@gmail.com)
Below is an essay that describes the potential of marine resources in the province of Banten.
CHAPTER 1
PRELIMINARY
Banten is a very strategic area in view of the location of the regions bordering the national capital and also as a gateway bridge between Java and Sumatra. With an area of 8800.83 km2 and the coastline of 517.42 km, Banten has the potential of marine resources and fisheries are quite large. The potential of fisheries resources in Banten is currently only used 117 170 tonnes / year, while the sustainable potential in the waters of the Java Sea amounted to 847 500 tonnes and 656 000 tonnes of ocean Indonesia.
One of the coastal areas in Banten considerable potential in exploiting marine resources and coastal namely the west coast region Pandeglang. Coastal and marine resources, is one of the basic capital construction Pandeglang this time, in addition to natural resource land. Land natural resources such as oil and gas and certain minerals, diminishing as a result of exploitation that took place long ago. In the oceans contained a very large source of food that fish and seaweed. Other marine resources is offshore mineral that plays an important role in energy supply, as well as many more potential biological and non biological resources other sea so that the role of coastal and marine resources is increasingly important to stimulate economic growth and community needs.
Pandeglang with the area of 2.75 thousand km2 divided into 13 districts with a population of about 1.13 million people, of which only 5.22 thousand fishermen or fishing spread across eight coastal areas of western and southern parts Pandeglang, including districts Labuan, Carita, Sukanegara, Panimbang, Citeurep, Wells (Ujung Kulon), Tamanjaya, and Sidamukti with marine fish production amounted to 23.61 thousand tons per year (BPS, 2006). Pandeglang shoreline position is facing the Sunda Strait to approximately 182.8 km long coast, and overlooking the ocean Indonesia approximately 47.2 km. Wealth of natural marine and coastal resources owned Pandeglang district, among others in the form of fishery resources, biological resources such as mangroves (mangroves), coral reefs, seagrass beds, as well as mineral resources such as petroleum and natural gas (which is still in the research) including minerals Other high economic value. A number of marine potential that can be developed including farmed fish of the sea (gulf), snapper, grouper, tuna and shrimp (sea catching), tiger shrimp, red tilapia and tilapia gift (aquaculture, carp and tilapia (cultivation of floating net).
In addition to the natural wealth of marine, coastal communities Pandeglang also take advantage of the sea as the cultivation of shellfish, especially mussels. Shellfish is living marine resources that are readily available in Pandeglang Regency waters, these organisms can be cultivated and environmentally friendly partly because the process does not require the cultivation of feed. Green mussel (Perna viridis) is one type of shellfish that is very popular with the public, shellfish also has economic value both for domestic needs and export.
With the characteristics of coastal areas as above, then the optimal utilization of coastal resources and sustainable can only be realized if the management is done in an integrated manner, applying the principles of sustainable development and pembangunnan approach carefully.
CHAPTER II
POTENTIAL FOR COASTAL AND MARINE AREAS
2.1. Coastal Ecosystems
The western coast facing the Sunda Strait and coastal area facing the ocean Indonesia each have characteristics that are not much different. Coastal areas facing the Sunda Strait rarely overgrown with mangrove forests, but often found coral reefs, because it has a rocky and sandy typology. Likewise, coastal areas overlooking the ocean Indonesia, except the coastal region which is the Ujung Kulon National Parks, still overgrown with mangrove forests, seagrass and seaweed.
a. Mangrove forest
Mangrove is a coastal vegetation that can grow well in tropical and subtropical environments. The mangrove forest is a complex ecosystem and unstable. Mangrove growth area is an ecosystem-specific, this is caused by the process of biota (flora and fauna) that are interconnected both on land and at sea.
Mangrove species most common in coastal areas Pandeglang approximately 1761.39 hectares (data SDKP Banten) is paddy-rice (Lumnitzera racemosa), fires (Avicena Spp), Mangrove-mangrove (Rhizophora), Bogem (Sonneratia Alba), Pedada (Bruguiera spp), Nypa Fructicans and Pakis Swamp (Acrostichum Aureum) in brackish river estuaries. Extensive mangrove forests are on the path along the north side of the ground Genting extends to the north along the coast to the River Cikalong and Legon Lentah Panaitan Island. Above the northwest island Handeuleum and the two small islands in the south near the island of swamp forest Nypha Handeuleum there are not so extensive, also in estuaries Cijungkulon and Cigenter encountered on the North Coast of Ujung Kulon. Mangrove forests are also found on small islands like Pamagangan, boboko, Peucang Panaitan, Deli and Tinjil.
b. Seaweed
Seaweed (Seaweed) is one of the Indonesian export commodities to supply the international market. Seaweeds are traded is a multicellular algae and macro in the taxonomy classified into divisio Thalophyta. This Divisio has four major classes, namely Rhodophyceae (red algae), Phaeophyceae (brown algae), Chlorophyceae (green algae) and Cyanophyceae (algae biruhijau). Four classes are differentiated based pigment and chlorophyll content.
Rhodophyceae generally red, brown, indigo and even green and contain pigment cells fikoeritin. Phaeophyceae generally brownish yellow because the cells containing chlorophyll a and c. Clhorophyceae generally green because the cells containing chlorophyll a and b with little carotene.
The distribution of the types of seaweed in the water is determined by the habitat suitability. Umumya sea grass habitat is on reef flats and attached to the substrate hard objects such as sand, rocks, pieces of dead coral or shells. In accordance with the coral reef environment, where the seaweed grows mostly away from the river mouth.
The types of seaweed found in the waters, among others from the clan Euchema and Hypnea (producer Keraginan), Gracilaria and Gelidium (producer order) belong to a class Rhodophyceae and Sargassum and Turbinaria (producer of alginate) which is a class Phaeophyceae.
Seaweed in natural conditions in Pandeglang only found on the island Liwungan. However, coastal areas of Pandeglang, particularly small islands are rocky and there are many coral reefs is a potential for seaweed farming, including the island Popole, Oar, wells, Omang, Mangir, Deli, Tinjil, and Badul.
c. Seagrass
Seagrass (seagras) is a flowering plant that is already fully adapt to life under the sea level. Seagrass live in shallow waters rather sandy, often also found in the coral reef ecosystem. Seagrass grows tall, thin leaf shaped like a ribbon and sweet roots.
Seagrass beds are often found on islands Pamagangan, boboko, Handeuleum, Peucang, and Panaitan, Pandeglang area of 1139.22 ha.
d. Coral reefs
Coral reefs are unique maritime ecosystem, a complex and distinctive, found in tropical and subtropical regions, formed by the coral animal communities for hundreds of years. In geomorphological, coral reefs can be shaped edge (fringing reef), barrier reefs (barrier reef) and coral ring (atoll), as well as flat coral / takat (reef platforms / patch reef)
Form coral reefs, usually in very shallow sea areas, and in general on the beach and near the beach. Coral reefs in Pandeglang area of 1,315 hectares, but 543 hectares or 41.29% damaged. The distribution of coral reefs found in the archipelago or small islands with relatively low rainfall, or large island beaches are far from the mouth of the river delta and muddy beach. Coral reefs are often found in coastal areas of Ujung Kulon (33 species of coral) and some coastal areas in small islands such as Pamagangan, boboko, Handeuleum, Peucang, Panaitan and Badul.
2.2. Utilization of Marine Ecosystems
- Mangrove. The benefits and functions of mangrove ecosystem is a habitat that is important as a spawning site and proper care of various types of fish, shrimp and other organisms as well as a habitat for various species of birds, mammals and reptiles.
In addition, mangrove forest ecosystem is one of the few ecosystems that have high productivity as the primary productivity of the rain forests and coral reefs. Besides the direct benefits of mangrove forests that can be felt by humans is wood mangrove trees that can be used as building materials, firewood, charcoal material, pulp material. Mangrove forests serve as wave energy absorbers and retention rate of abrasion even as sedimentation material trappers.
- Seaweed. There are 61 species from 27 genera that have been used for food and industrial raw materials as well as 21 species from 12 genera are used for traditional medicine. It has long been people use natural sea grass communities to be harvested and sold. Due to the high intensity of harvesting the seaweed production of natural progressively reduced.
Seaweeds are classified based on the chemical content of seaweed Agarofit is a group of producers that, Karagenofit group producing carrageenan seaweed, seaweed producer group Alginofit alginate. The use of seaweed in Pandeglang is still very low and needs to be developed to obtain additional income for coastal communities.
Seagrass -Padang. The main function of seagrass is able to stabilize the seabed, trap sediments, food for species other biota, the growth of various marine habitats, growing algae and algae is a food fish, and can be used as food and fertilizer materials, eg type of Samo-Samo ( Enhalus acoroides). Seagrass beds are often found in marine waters between mangrove forests and coral reefs.
-Coral reefs. The benefits and functions of the coral reefs are contributing to the fishery in three ways, namely, fishing directly above the reef, fishing shallow coastal waters that have the support of the food chain, the cycle of life and productivity of coral reef and offshore fishing.
For humans reef useful as a natural resource that can be utilized as a warehouse of food, drug and cosmetic ingredients, tourist sites and sports and in the field of science as an object of study and research. For other organisms, coral reefs are the marine ecosystem in the function has a unique habitat, communities and symbiotic colony of various marine organisms, both flora and fauna. To an island, coral reefs also serve as protection from the threat of coastal erosion and degradation.
2.3. Utilization Potential of Coastal and Marine
Coastal and marine areas Pandeglang is a potential for the economy of coastal communities and government Pandeglang. Several potential of marine and coastal areas that have been exploited for a long time including capture fisheries and aquaculture shellfish, while the potential for coastal areas that have not been used optimally include shrimp farming, seaweed and milkfish high economic value and have a wide market in the country and overseas.
2.3.1. Fisheries
Utilization of marine products into commodity Pandeglang karapu including fishing, snapper, tuna and shrimp. Marine fishery production ready to be processed during 2006 reached 23.61 thousand tons (data BPS), which used to be consumed fresh, salted, dipindang and others. Although marine biota Pandeglang district has the potential of tuna and tuna, but utilization is not optimal.
2.3.2. Green Shellfish Aquaculture
Green mussel cultivation developed in the district Panimbang and Citereup Pandeglang. In view of the abundance of the resource potential of the green mussel and easily cultivated and relatively simple model, the cultivation of mussels become one menyedikan efforts in employment, increase income and nutrition or cheap animal protein. It is very helpful for increasing fish production in general.
Shellfish is living marine resources that are readily available in coastal waters Pandeglang, biota, is easily cultivated and environmentally friendly partly because the process does not require the cultivation of feed. Green mussel (Perna viridis) is one type of shellfish that is very popular with the public. Shells of this type also have economic value both for domestic needs and for export.
Cultivation of green mussel (Perna viridis) have the potential for profitable business and a great opportunity to be exported because it has a high selling price, if it runs a synergy between the sustainability of products, product quality control and selection conditions of the products high value, then the product oyster in Pandeglang can penetrate the Asian market and the EU, advantages of green mussel farming is no feeding and deadly disease.
Usually when the local market demand increases, the cultivation of mussels increasingly intensified. Green mussel processing activities generate solid waste is high enough. The large amount of solid waste generated green shells, serious efforts are needed to address in order to be beneficial and reduce the negative impact on human health and the environment. During this time in the form of solid waste clam shell is only used as a wall decoration materials, handicrafts, or even as a mixture of animal feed. Waste treatment is of course not have a great added value because it is still limited in terms of price and quantity of production. Efforts to diversify the utilization of waste in the form of human food products which are formulated in the form of flour as a source of natural calcium fortification and applied as an ingredient in a product crackers.
Agency for Marine and Fisheries Research (BRKP) and the Center for Marine Aquaculture (BBL) has developed oyster farming in the waters Panimbang Pandeglang area of 2316.5 hectares. Pandeglang green shells in coastal waters and unspoiled match at all, compared with the waters of Jakarta Bay polluted industrial waste. Importing countries will pass the green mussel exports from Pandeglang, because the area is free of pollution.
2.4. Biological Resource Management Policy
To preserve biological resources it needs integrated management policy between the government, public and private, including:
1. Promote the preservation, protection and improvement of the condition of ecosystems (coral reefs, sea grass, seagrass, and mangrove)
2. Improve cooperative relationships between institutions to be able to draw up and implement programs for ecosystem management.
3. Develop spatial planning and management of coastal and marine areas to maintain the sustainability of the ecosystem.
4. Enhancing cooperation, coordination and partnerships between government and local governments and communities in decisions about ecosystem management.
5. Improving the welfare of coastal communities through the development of economic activity.
6. Developing science and technology, research, information systems, education and training in the management of ecosystems.
7. Digging and increase funding for ecosystem management.
While the strategy of economic development of marine and territories pessir undertaken to improve the lives of coastal communities include:
1. Optimization of shellfish aquaculture centers.
2. Use of a long coastline for aquaculture shrimps, milkfish and seaweed.
3. Increase the productivity of marine fish catches.
4. The development of algae cultivation.
5. Expand the marine commodity markets.
6. Building a marine commodity processing industry.
7. intensive program of planting of mangrove trees.
CHAPTER III
COVER
From the description of the potential of coastal areas and marine in Pandeglang, it can be concluded that:
1. Pandeglang had a fairly extensive coastal areas along the 230 km, of which 182.8 km facing the Sunda Strait and along the 47.2 km facing the Indonesian Ocean.
2. Pandeglang divided into eight coastal areas, including Labuan, Carita, Sukanegara, Panimbang, Citeurep, Wells (Ujung Kulon), Tamanjaya, and Sidamukti with marine fish production average of 23.61 thousand tons per year.
3. A number of marine potential that can be developed including farmed fish of the sea (gulf), snapper, grouper, tuna and shrimp (sea catching), tiger shrimp, red tilapia and tilapia gift (aquaculture, carp and tilapia (aquaculture nets floating) ,
4. To support the potential of marine and coastal areas, then the sustainability of marine ecosystems is needed. Preservation of natural mangrove forests and seagrass are still often found in Ujung Kulon, as well as coral reef area of 1,315 km2 in the western and southern coast of Pandeglang. Likewise seaweed enough to play a role in the marine ecosystem in coastal areas is pretty much on the coastal islands west Pandeglang.
5. One of the efforts to improve the economy of coastal communities in Pandeglang, by developing the cultivation of mussels (Perna Viridis) quality and free of pollution.
6. The need for environmental management to preserve the integrity of coral reefs, seagrass plants, seaweed and development of mangrove forests around coastal areas throughout the year further reduced, as a result of human damage. Destruction of coral reefs and mangrove forests may lead to decline in the production of fish and other biota.
BIBLIOGRAPHY
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